Trade and Commerce within Sumer and Beyond

Introduction

Sumer, an ancient civilization located in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), flourished between 4500 and 1900 BCE. The Sumerians were known for their advanced culture, including their system of writing, mathematics, and astronomy. They were also skilled traders, and their commercial activities extended far beyond the borders of Sumer.

Internal Trade

Within Sumer, trade was conducted primarily through a system of barter. Goods were exchanged directly for other goods, without the use of money. The most common items traded were agricultural products, such as grain, dates, and wool, as well as manufactured goods, such as pottery, textiles, and metal tools.

Trade was facilitated by the development of a network of roads and canals. These transportation routes allowed goods to be moved quickly and easily from one part of Sumer to another. The Sumerians also developed a system of weights and measures, which helped to ensure that goods were traded fairly.

External Trade

The Sumerians were also engaged in extensive trade with other civilizations in the region. They traded with the Akkadians, the Elamites, and the Indus Valley Civilization. The goods that were traded included agricultural products, manufactured goods, and luxury items, such as gold, silver, and lapis lazuli.

The Sumerians were particularly skilled in the production of textiles. Their textiles were highly prized by other civilizations, and they were exported to all corners of the ancient world. The Sumerians also exported their metal tools and weapons, which were known for their quality and durability.

The Role of Trade in the Sumerian Economy

Trade played a vital role in the Sumerian economy. It allowed the Sumerians to access goods that were not available locally, and it helped to stimulate the growth of the Sumerian economy. Trade also helped to spread Sumerian culture and technology to other civilizations.

Conclusion

The Sumerians were a highly skilled and successful trading people. Their commercial activities extended far beyond the borders of Sumer, and they played a vital role in the development of the ancient world. The Sumerian legacy of trade and commerce continues to this day, and their contributions to the field are still studied and admired by scholars and businesspeople alike.