Curves and Boundaries

Curves and Boundaries

I. Introduction

Curves and boundaries play a crucial role in mining surveying. They are essential for various purposes such as designing mine layouts, determining property boundaries, and ensuring accurate excavation and construction. In this topic, we will explore the fundamentals of curves and boundaries in mining surveying.

II. Setting out simple curves on the surface and in underground

Simple curves are used to create smooth transitions between straight sections of a survey line. The following steps are involved in setting out simple curves on the surface:

1. Determine the radius and central angle of the curve
2. Mark the curve on the ground
3. Check the accuracy of the curve

Setting out curves in underground mining presents additional challenges due to limited visibility and space constraints.

III. Elementary knowledge of compound and transition curves

Compound curves are a combination of two or more simple curves with different radii. The process of setting out compound curves involves:

1. Determine the radii and central angles of the individual curves
2. Mark the curves on the ground
3. Check the accuracy of the curves

Transition curves are used to provide a gradual change in curvature between straight and curved sections of a survey line. The steps for setting out transition curves are:

1. Determine the length and radius of the transition curve
2. Mark the curve on the ground
3. Check the accuracy of the curve

IV. Joint boundary survey

A joint boundary survey is conducted to establish the common boundary between two or more properties. The process involves:

1. Gather relevant documents and information
2. Identify and locate boundary markers
3. Measure and record boundary dimensions
4. Resolve any discrepancies or conflicts

Real-world examples of joint boundary surveys in mining will be discussed to provide practical insights.

V. Equalization of boundaries

Equalization of boundaries is the process of dividing the area or perimeter of a property among multiple owners. The following methods and techniques are used for equalizing boundaries:

1. Proportional division method
2. Area-based division method
3. Perimeter-based division method

The advantages and disadvantages of equalizing boundaries will also be explored.

VI. Conclusion

In conclusion, curves and boundaries are fundamental aspects of mining surveying. They are crucial for designing mine layouts, establishing property boundaries, and ensuring accurate excavation and construction. Throughout this topic, we have covered the setting out of simple, compound, and transition curves, joint boundary surveys, and the equalization of boundaries.

Summary

Curves and boundaries are fundamental aspects of mining surveying. They are crucial for designing mine layouts, establishing property boundaries, and ensuring accurate excavation and construction. This topic covers the setting out of simple, compound, and transition curves, joint boundary surveys, and the equalization of boundaries.

Analogy

Imagine you are driving on a road that has both straight sections and curved sections. The curves help you smoothly transition from one straight section to another, ensuring a safe and comfortable journey. Similarly, in mining surveying, curves are used to create smooth transitions between different sections of a survey line, ensuring accurate and efficient operations.