Syllabus - Hydrology (AT404)

Agriculture Technology

Hydrology (AT404)

IV-Semester

UNIT I

Introduction; Hydrologic cycle; Precipitation‐forms, Weather systems for precipitation, Characteristics of precipitation in India; Rainfall measurement, rain gauge network, optimum number; Representation of rainfall data‐Mass curve, hyetograph, Moving average curve etc; Mean precipitation over an area‐Different methods.

UNIT II

Frequency analysis of point rainfall, Calculation of rainfall return period and probability, plotting position; Estimation of missing data, test for consistency of rainfall records; Double mass curve technique; Abstractions from precipitation‐ interception; Depression storage; infiltration; evaporation; evapo‐transpiration ‐ estimation and measurement; Reservoir evaporation‐methods of reduction, Infiltration indices.

UNIT III

Geomorphology of watersheds ‐ stream number, stream length, stream area, stream slope and Horton’s laws; Runoff ‐ factors affecting, measurement; Runoff characteristics of streams, estimation of peak runoff rate and volume; Rational method, Cook’s method, SCS Curve number method.

UNIT IV

Stream flow‐ measurement of stage and velocity, rating curve, extension of rating curve; Hydrograph; components, Factors affecting the shape of hydrograph, base flow separation, unit hydrograph theory – Assumptions, applications, derivation of unit hydrographs, unit hydrograph of different durations, dimensionless unit hydrograph, distribution hydrograph, synthetic unit hydrograph, uses and limitations of unit hydrograph.

UNIT V

Floods‐Terms and definitions, Head water flood control ‐ methods, retards and their location; flood routing – graphical methods of reservoir flood routing; Channel routing‐Muskinghum method; Hydrology of dry land areas ‐ drought and its classification; introduction to watershed management and planning.

Course Objective

Introducing the students about the hydrological cycle, hydrographs and flood routing techniques, so that the students would able to find out the water balance and estimated runoff from a given rainfall event.

Course Outcome

By the end of the semester, the students will understand the estimation of runoff and flood routing techniques

Practicals

  • Visit to meteorological observatory to study different types of rain gauges

  • Exercise on analysis of rainfall data

  • Exercise on Double mass curve technique

  • Determination of average depth of rainfall and frequency analysis

  • Study of stage recorders and current meters

  • Exercise on estimation of peak runoff rate and runoff volume

  • Exercises on hydrograph and unit hydrograph

  • Exercises on flood routing problems

Reference Books

  • Chow, V.T. (1964). Hand Book of Applied Hydrology. Mc Graw Hill, New York.

  • Linsley, R.K., Kohler, M.A., and Paulhus, J.L.H. (1984). Hydrology for Engineers. Mc Graw Hill Pub.Co. Japan.

  • McCuen, R. H. (1989). Hydrologic Analysis and Design. Printice Hall.

  • Mutreja, K.N. (1990). Applied Hydrology. Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co., New York.

  • Raghunath, H.M. (2006). Hydrology‐Principles, Analysis and design. New age International (P) Ltd.

  • Singh, V. P. (1992). Elementary Hydrology. Prentice Hall India.

  • Subrahmanya, K. (1987). Engineering Hydrology. TataMcGrawHillPub.Co. New Delhi.