Syllabus - Sensors & Transducers for Biomedical Measurements (BM303)

Biomedical Engineering

Sensors & Transducers for Biomedical Measurements (BM303)

III-Semester

Measurements & Errors

Significance of measurements, methods of measurements: Direct & indirect methods, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronic Instruments, Classification of instruments, Deflection & null type, Characteristics of instruments: accuracy, precision, drift, span & range, Significant Figures, Static Sensitivity, Linearity, hysteresis, Threshold, Dead zone, Resolution, Loading effect etc. Error & its types: Gross systematic error: Instrumental Error, Environmental error, observational error. Random error: Arithmetic mean, Range, deviation, Average deviation, Standard deviation, variance etc.

CRO & Measurements

Basic CRO Circuit, Dual trace Oscilloscope, Dual beam Oscilloscope, Sampling Oscilloscope, Analog Storage Oscilloscope, Digital Storage Oscilloscope. Measurement with CRO: Frequency, Voltage, Current, Phase, Dielectric, Frequency ratio etc.

A.C Bridges

General equation for bridge balance, Measurement of inductance, Capacitance and Q of the coil, Capacitance Maxwell’s, Wiens, Schering Bridge, Wagner Earth Tester. Signal generator, Function generator, sweep frequency generator, Pulse and square wave generator, Wave Analyzers, Harmonic Distortion Analyzer, Spectrum Analyzer, Heterodyne frequency meter, frequency counter, measurement errors, automatic and computing counter, Digital voltmeter, Ramp type DVM, Integrating DVM, successive approximation DVM.

Transducer

Electrical transducers, classification of transducers, resistive transducer, resistance thermometers, thermistors, thermocouples, Inductive transducer, LVDT, Capacitive, piezoelectric, hall effect transducers. Measurement of non Electrical quantity: Displacement, strain, flow measurements, Rota meter, Venturi meter, Bourdon tube pressure transducer, temperature.

Sensors

Gas Sensor, NBA agent, Microbial sensor, electro analytical sensor, Enzyme based sensor-glucose sensor, Electronic nose –halitosis, breath analysis. Advances in sensor technology: lab –on –a chip, smart sensor, MEMS and Nano sensor. Radiation sensor , Thermal radiation sensor.

Course Objective

To introduce the basic concepts related to the operation of electrical & electronic measuring instruments. To understand operational and application aspects of CRO (normal and storage). To analyze and apply various AC bridges for the measurements of various physical quantities minimizing errors by following proper precautions. To study the principles behind various transducers and their applications in the measurement of various parameters in electrical and mechanical engineering fields.

Course Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: Understand the basic concepts of electrical units, measurement errors and accuracy. Measure different physical parameters using different transducers. Gain experience in interpreting technical specifications and selecting sensors and transducers for a given application. Apply the principles and practice for instrument design and develop for real world problems.

Practicals

  • To measure the Amplitude, Frequency and Phase difference using Analog Dual Trace Oscilloscope.

  • To measure the some parameters using Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO).

  • To measure the unknown value of Inductance and Resistance using Maxwell Inductance Bridge.

  • To measure the unknown value of Capacitance using Schering Bridge.

  • To measure the unknown value of Capacitance and Frequency using Wien’s Bridge.

  • To measure the displacement using Light dependent Register (LDR).

  • To measure the temperature using Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD).

  • To Study the characteristics of the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT).

  • To measure the Intensity of Light on different distance by using Photo Transducer.

  • To measure Displacement using Capacitor pickup

Reference Books

  • Electrical Electronics Measurement & Measuring Instrumentation by A.K Shawney.

  • Electronics & Instrumentation Measurement by J.B Gupta.

  • Instrumentation & Measurement by Helfrick Cooper, PHI India

  • Electronics Instrumentation, H.S. Kalasi, TMH India

  • Biomedical senses & Measurement by Wane, Pind, Liu, Sprinper.

  • Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition: Two-Volume Set John G. Webster, Halit Eren, CRC Press

  • Measurement System by Doebelin, Tata McGraw-Hill Education

  • Biosensors: Theory and Applications, Donald G. Buerk, by CRC Press

  • Fundamentals of Instrumentation 2nd Edition by NJATC, Cengage Learning; 2 edition