Syllabus - Power System-II (EE-602)

Electrical Engineering

Power System-II (EE-602)

VI-Semester

Unit-I

Power Flow Analysis

Review of the structure of a Power System and its components. Analysis of Power Flows: Formation of Bus Admittance Matrix. Real and reactive power balance equations at a node. Load and Generator Specifications. Application of numerical methods for solution of nonlinear algebraic equations – Gauss Seidel and Newton- Raphson methods for the solution of the power flow equations. Computational Issues in Large-scale Power Systems

Unit-II

Stability Constraints in synchronous grids

Swing Equations of a synchronous machine connected to an infinite bus. Power angle curve. Description of the phenomena of loss of synchronism in a single-machine infinite bus system following a disturbance like a three-- phase fault. Analysis using numerical integration of swing equations (using methods like Forward Euler, Runge- Kutta 4th order methods), as well as the Equal Area Criterion. Impact of stability constraints on Power System Operation. Effect of generation rescheduling and series compensation of transmission lines on stability.

Unit-III

Control of Frequency and Voltage

Turbines and Speed-Governors, Frequency dependence of loads, Droop Control and Power Sharing. Automatic Generation Control. Generation and absorption of reactive power by various components of a Power System. Excitation System Control in synchronous generators, Automatic Voltage Regulators. Shunt Compensators, Static VAR compensators and STATCOMs. Tap Changing Transformers. Power flow control using embedded dc links, phase shifters.

Unit-IV

Monitoring and Control

Overview of Energy Control Centre Functions: SCADA systems. Phasor Measurement Units and Wide-Area Measurement Systems. State-estimation. System Security Assessment. Normal, Alert, Emergency, Extremis states of a Power System. Contingency Analysis. Preventive Control and Emergency Control.

Unit-V

Power System Economics and Management

Basic Pricing Principles: Generator Cost Curves, Utility Functions, Power Exchanges, Spot Pricing. Electricity Market Models (Vertically Integrated, Purchasing Agency, Whole-sale competition, Retail Competition), Demand Side-management, Transmission and Distributions charges, Ancillary Services. Regulatory framework.

Practicals

  • Study on (i) on load Time Delay Relay (ii) off load Time Delay Relay.

  • Polarity, Ratio and Magnetisation Characteristics Test of CT & PT.

  • To develop a program in Matlab for information of Y-bus matrix for N bus system.

  • Load flow solution for 3-bus system using Gauss Seidel, Newton Raphson and FDLF methods up to 3 iteration.

  • Load flow solution for IEEE 6-bus and 30-bus system in Matlab using Newton Raphson method.

  • Assessment of transient stability of a single machine system.

  • Effect of compensation on voltage profile of IEEE 6-bussystem.

  • Study of any software tools (PSAT, EDSA, MY POWER, ETAP etc).

Reference Books

  • Modern Power System Analysis, D.P. Kothari & I.J. Nagrath, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

  • Electrical Power Systems, Subir Ray, PHI

  • Switchgear protection and power systems, Sunil S Rao, Khanna Publications.

  • A text book on Power System Engineering, M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S. Bhatnagar & A. Chakrabarti, Dhanpat Rai & CO.