List three reasons why unregulated supply is not enough for some applications. Define line regulation and load regulation in a voltage regulator.

Reasons why unregulated supply is not enough for some applications:

1. Voltage Fluctuations: The voltage from an unregulated power supply can fluctuate significantly depending on the load and input voltage. For applications that require a stable and consistent voltage supply, an unregulated power supply is not suitable.

2. Noise and Ripple: Unregulated power supplies often introduce noise and ripple into the output voltage. This can interfere with sensitive electronic components and cause malfunctions or degraded performance.

3. Lack of Protection Features: Unregulated power supplies typically lack protection features such as overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection. This can lead to damage to the powered devices or the power supply itself in the event of a fault.

Line Regulation: Line regulation is the ability of a voltage regulator to maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in the input voltage. The line regulation is measured as the percentage change in the output voltage divided by the percentage change in the input voltage. A voltage regulator with good line regulation will have a small percentage of line regulation.

Load Regulation: Load regulation is the ability of a voltage regulator to maintain a constant output voltage despite changes in the load current drawn. The load regulation is measured as the percentage change in the output voltage divided by the percentage change in the load current. A voltage regulator with good load regulation will have a small percentage of load regulation.