Explain the difference between SRAM and DRAM. What is PLA?

SRAM (Static Random Access Memory):

• Memory Cell Structure: SRAM uses a six-transistor memory cell, consisting of four transistors (two cross-coupled inverters) to store one bit of data and two additional transistors as access transistors.
• Data Storage: Data is stored in the form of the state of the cross-coupled inverters. A '0' is represented when one inverter is ON and the other is OFF, while a '1' is represented when the opposite is true.
• Volatility: SRAM is volatile memory, meaning that it requires constant power to maintain the stored data. If power is lost, the data is erased.
• Speed: SRAM has faster read and write speeds compared to DRAM due to its simpler memory cell structure and the absence of refresh cycles.
• Power Consumption: SRAM consumes more power than DRAM because of the continuous need to supply power to maintain the stored data.
• Applications: SRAM is typically used for cache memory, small buffer memories, and other applications where high speed and low latency are critical.

DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory):

• Memory Cell Structure: DRAM uses a one-transistor and one-capacitor memory cell, which is simpler and more compact than the SRAM cell.
• Data Storage: Data is stored as a charge on the capacitor. The presence or absence of charge represents a '1' or '0', respectively.
• Volatility: DRAM is also volatile memory, requiring constant power to maintain the stored data. However, unlike SRAM, DRAM cells need to be refreshed periodically to prevent data loss due to charge leakage.
• Speed: DRAM has slower read and write speeds compared to SRAM due to the refresh cycles and the need to charge and discharge the capacitors.
• Power Consumption: DRAM consumes less power than SRAM because it only needs to be refreshed periodically, not continuously.
• Applications: DRAM is commonly used for main memory in computers, graphics cards, and other applications where large capacities and lower cost are more critical than speed.

PLA (Programmable Logic Array):

• Structure: PLA consists of an AND array followed by an OR array. The AND array is composed of programmable AND gates, where each AND gate can be programmed to generate a product term. The OR array consists of programmable OR gates, where each OR gate can be programmed to combine multiple product terms to generate the final output.
• Function: PLA implements a combinational logic function. By programming the AND and OR arrays, the PLA can be configured to perform a specific logic operation.
• Applications: PLAs are used in various digital circuits, such as decoders, multiplexers, arithmetic circuits, and control logic circuits. They offer a flexible and efficient way to implement complex logic functions.