Name four negative feedback configurations.
Q.) Name four negative feedback configurations.
Subject: Electronic Devices and Circuits- Negative Feedback with Fixed Set Point:
- Description: In this configuration, the controlled variable is maintained at a constant set point. Any deviation from the set point triggers a corrective action to bring it back.
Examples:
- Temperature regulation: The thermostat in a heating or cooling system compares the room temperature to a set point and adjusts the heating or cooling accordingly.
- Blood glucose regulation: The pancreas releases insulin when blood glucose levels rise above a set point, promoting glucose uptake and lowering blood glucose levels.
- Negative Feedback with Variable Set Point:
- Description: In this configuration, the set point itself is adjusted based on external conditions or internal factors.
Examples:
- Sweating: When body temperature rises, the sweat glands are activated to release sweat, which evaporates and cools the body. As the body cools down, sweating is reduced.
- Osmoregulation: The kidneys adjust the amount of water reabsorption based on the concentration of solutes in the blood.
- Derivative Negative Feedback:
- Description: In this configuration, the rate of change of the controlled variable is used to generate a corrective action.
Examples:
- Car suspension: The shock absorbers in a car suspension system respond to the rate of change of the car's vertical movement, providing a smoother ride.
- Aircraft flight control: The autopilot system in an aircraft adjusts the control surfaces based on the rate of change of the aircraft's position and attitude.
- Integral Negative Feedback:
- Description: In this configuration, the accumulated error between the controlled variable and the set point is used to generate a corrective action.
Examples:
- Process control: In industrial processes, integral control is often used to eliminate steady-state errors and maintain a constant process variable.
- Home heating system: The thermostat in a home heating system integrates the temperature difference between the current temperature and the set point over time to adjust the heating output accordingly.