Write a short notes on any two: a) PLA b) Multiplexer c) V-F converter d) Encoder

a) PLA (Programmable Logic Array):

A Programmable Logic Array (PLA) is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that is used to implement digital logic functions. It consists of an array of programmable logic elements (PLEs), which are typically AND gates and OR gates. The PLEs are interconnected by a programmable interconnect matrix, which allows the user to specify the logic function that the PLA implements.

PLAs are often used in applications where a large number of logic functions need to be implemented in a small area. They are also used in applications where the logic function needs to be changed frequently.

b) Multiplexer:

A multiplexer is a digital circuit that allows multiple input signals to be selected and routed to a single output signal. It is often used to connect multiple devices to a single bus or to select data from multiple sources.

Multiplexers are typically implemented using a series of switches. Each switch is controlled by a select signal, which determines which input signal is routed to the output. Multiplexers can be used to implement a variety of functions, including:

• Data selection
• Address decoding
• Bus arbitration

c) Encoder:

An encoder is a digital circuit that converts an analog signal into a digital signal. It is often used to convert sensor data into a format that can be processed by a computer or other digital device.

Encoders typically use a sampling technique to convert the analog signal into a digital signal. The sampling rate is determined by the frequency of the analog signal. The higher the sampling rate, the more accurate the digital representation of the analog signal will be.

Encoders are used in a variety of applications, including:

• Data acquisition
• Sensor interfacing
• Signal processing