Describe the various control statement with example.

Control Statements

• if statement: The if statement is used to execute statements if a specified condition is true.

if condition:
    statements

For example, the following code checks if a variable x is greater than 0 and prints "Positive" if it is:

x = 5
if x > 0:
    print("Positive")

• elif statement: The elif statement is used to handle additional conditions if the first if condition is false.

if condition1:
    statements
elif condition2:
    statements

For example, the following code checks if a variable x is greater than 0, and if it is, it prints "Positive". If x is less than 0, it prints "Negative":

x = -5
if x > 0:
    print("Positive")
elif x < 0:
    print("Negative")

• else statement: The else statement is used to execute statements if none of the previous conditions are true.

if condition1:
    statements
elif condition2:
    statements
else:
    statements

For example, the following code checks if a variable x is greater than 0, and if it is, it prints "Positive". If x is less than 0, it prints "Negative". If x is equal to 0, it prints "Zero":

x = 0
if x > 0:
    print("Positive")
elif x < 0:
    print("Negative")
else:
    print("Zero")

• for loop: The for loop is used to iterate over a sequence of items.

for item in sequence:
    statements

For example, the following code iterates over a list of numbers and prints each number:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for number in numbers:
    print(number)

• while loop: The while loop is used to execute statements while a specified condition is true.

while condition:
    statements

For example, the following code prints numbers from 1 to 10:

num = 1
while num <= 10:
    print(num)
    num += 1

• break statement: The break statement is used to exit a loop prematurely.

for item in sequence:
    if condition:
        break
    statements

For example, the following code iterates over a list of numbers and prints each number until it reaches the number 5. Then, it exits the loop:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
for number in numbers:
    print(number)
    if number == 5:
        break

• continue statement: The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of a loop and continue with the next iteration.

for item in sequence:
    if condition:
        continue
    statements

For example, the following code iterates over a list of numbers and prints each number except for the number 5:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
for number in numbers:
    if number == 5:
        continue
    print(number)