Differentiate combinational and sequential circuits.

Feature	Combinational Circuits	Sequential Circuits
Memory	No	Yes
Output	Depends solely on the current inputs	Depends on the current inputs and the past history of inputs
Logic Gates	AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR	Flip-flops (SR, D, JK, T), latches
Design	Relatively simple	More complex
Applications	Encoders, decoders, multiplexers, demultiplexers, adders, subtractors, comparators	Registers, counters, timers, state machines
Examples	Traffic light controller, keypad encoder	Digital clock, washing machine controller

Combinational Circuits

Combinational circuits are digital circuits whose outputs are determined solely by the current inputs. They do not have any memory, so their outputs change immediately when the inputs change. Combinational circuits are typically implemented using logic gates, such as AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR.

Some common examples of combinational circuits include:

• Encoders: Convert one type of data into another. For example, a binary encoder converts a decimal number into its binary equivalent.
• Decoders: Convert one type of data into another. For example, a binary decoder converts a binary number into its decimal equivalent.
• Multiplexers: Select one of several input signals and route it to the output.
• Demultiplexers: Distribute an input signal to several output signals.
• Adders: Add two binary numbers together.
• Subtractors: Subtract one binary number from another.
• Comparators: Compare two binary numbers and determine which is larger.

Sequential Circuits

Sequential circuits are digital circuits whose outputs depend on the current inputs and the past history of inputs. They have memory, so their outputs can change even if the inputs remain the same. Sequential circuits are typically implemented using flip-flops, which are memory elements that can store a single bit of information.

Some common examples of sequential circuits include:

• Registers: Store binary data.
• Counters: Count the number of input pulses.
• Timers: Measure the duration of input pulses.
• State machines: Control the behavior of a digital system based on its current state and the input signals.

Applications of Combinational and Sequential Circuits

Combinational and sequential circuits are used in a wide variety of applications, including:

• Computers
• Telecommunications
• Industrial control
• Automotive electronics
• Consumer electronics

Combinational circuits are typically used for simple tasks that do not require memory, such as data manipulation and arithmetic operations. Sequential circuits are typically used for more complex tasks that require memory, such as storing data, counting, and controlling the behavior of a digital system.