Differentiate static and dynamic RAM.

Static RAM (SRAM)

• SRAM is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that stores data in a circuit of six transistors.
• Each memory cell consists of four transistors that form two cross-coupled inverters, and two additional transistors that act as access transistors.
• The data is stored in the state of the inverters, with a '0' being represented by one inverter being 'on' and the other being 'off', and a '1' being represented by the opposite state.

Advantages of SRAM:

• Faster than DRAM
• Lower power consumption than DRAM when active
• More reliable than DRAM

Disadvantages of SRAM:

• More expensive than DRAM
• Higher power consumption than DRAM when idle
• Larger in size than DRAM

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

• DRAM is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that stores data in a circuit of one transistor and one capacitor.
• The transistor acts as a switch that controls the flow of current to and from the capacitor.
• The data is stored as a charge on the capacitor, with a '0' being represented by a low charge and a '1' being represented by a high charge.

Advantages of DRAM:

• Less expensive than SRAM
• Lower power consumption than SRAM when idle
• Smaller in size than SRAM

Disadvantages of DRAM:

• Slower than SRAM
• Higher power consumption than SRAM when active
• Less reliable than SRAM
• Requires refreshing every few milliseconds to maintain the data

Comparison of SRAM and DRAM

Feature	SRAM	DRAM
Memory cell	Six transistors	One transistor and one capacitor
Data storage	State of the inverters	Charge on the capacitor
Speed	Faster	Slower
Power consumption (active)	Lower	Higher
Power consumption (idle)	Higher	Lower
Size	Larger	Smaller
Cost	More expensive	Less expensive
Reliability	More reliable	Less reliable
Refreshing	Not required	Required every few milliseconds

Conclusion

SRAM and DRAM are two different types of RAM with different advantages and disadvantages. SRAM is faster, more reliable, and has lower power consumption when active, but it is more expensive and larger in size. DRAM is less expensive, smaller in size, and has lower power consumption when idle, but it is slower, less reliable, and requires refreshing every few milliseconds. The choice of which type of RAM to use depends on the specific application.