What are exceptions? How are they handled? What do you mean by Array Index Out of Bound Exception and Null Pointer Exception? Explain with an example.

Exceptions

Exceptions are runtime errors that occur during the execution of a program. They are used to handle unexpected conditions that can cause the program to crash or behave unexpectedly.

Handling Exceptions

Exceptions are handled using try-catch blocks. A try block contains the code that is expected to raise an exception. A catch block is used to catch the exception and handle it.

The general syntax for a try-catch block is as follows:

try {
  // Code that is expected to raise an exception
} catch (Exception exception) {
  // Code to handle the exception
}

Array Index Out of Bound Exception

An Array Index Out of Bound Exception