What do you mean by term class and object? Write an example syntax to define a class in C++. Explain the relation between class and object in C++.

Class and Object

In C++, a class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the data members and member functions of the objects. An object is an instance of a class. It contains the actual data and can access the member functions of the class.

Syntax for Defining a Class in C++

To define a class in C++, you use the following syntax:

class ClassName {
  // Data members
  data_type data_member1;
  data_type data_member2;

  // Member functions
  void function1();
  void function2();
};

Example

Here's an example of a class named Student that defines two data members (name and age) and two member functions (getName() and getAge()):

class Student {
  // Data members
  string name;
  int age;

  // Member functions
  string getName() {
    return name;
  }

  int getAge() {
    return age;
  }
};

To create an object of the Student class, you use the following syntax:

Student student1;

The object student1 can access the data members and member functions of the Student class. For example, you can use the getName() and getAge() member functions to get the name and age of the student:

cout << "Student name: " << student1.getName() << endl;
cout << "Student age: " << student1.getAge() << endl;

Relation between Class and Object

• A class is a logical entity that defines the structure and behavior of objects.
• An object is a physical entity that is an instance of a class.
• A class can have multiple objects, and each object can have its own set of data.
• The objects of a class share the same member functions.
• A class can be used to create different types of objects with different data and behavior.

Conclusion

In C++, classes and objects are fundamental concepts used to structure and organize code. Classes define the blueprint for objects, and objects are instances of classes that can hold data and perform operations. The relationship between classes and objects is essential for understanding object-oriented programming in C++.