Explain the race condition in SR flip flop. Also explain how it is removed in J-K flip flop.

A race condition in a digital logic circuit occurs when the output depends on the sequence or timing of other uncontrollable events. It becomes a critical issue when several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place.

In the context of an SR (Set-Reset) flip-flop, a race condition can occur when both the Set and Reset inputs are activated (i.e., S = R = 1) at the same time. This is also known as the "indeterminate" or "illegal" state. In this state, the output of the flip-flop is unpredictable and can lead to unstable behavior.

The SR flip-flop truth table is as follows:

S	R	Q (next state)	Comment
0	0	Q (previous state)	No change
0	1	0	Reset
1	0	1	Set
1	1	Indeterminate	Race condition

The race condition in an SR flip-flop can be resolved by using a J-K flip-flop. The J-K flip-flop is an improvement on the SR flip-flop where the indeterminate state is not a problem. In a J-K flip-flop, when both J and K inputs are high (i.e., J = K = 1), the output toggles based on the clock pulse.

The J-K flip-flop truth table is as follows:

J	K	Q (next state)	Comment
0	0	Q (previous state)	No change
0	1	0	Reset
1	0	1	Set
1	1	Q' (previous state's complement)	Toggle

In the J-K flip-flop, the race condition is eliminated because when both inputs are 1, the output simply toggles, and does not result in an unpredictable state. This makes the J-K flip-flop a more reliable choice for digital circuits where both inputs may be high at the same time.