Define: i) Data and information ii) Abstract Data Types iii) Polynomials b) Write an algorithm for traversing nodes in a single linked list? Explain with an example.

Answer:

i) Data and Information:

• Data: Data can be defined as raw, unprocessed, and unorganized facts or details that alone might not make much sense or provide context. For example, a collection of random numbers is data.

• Information: Information is data that has been processed, organized, or structured in a manner that it's meaningful and useful. For example, if those random numbers are used to represent the ages of a group of people, then it becomes information.

Data	Information
Raw and unorganized facts	Processed and organized data
Alone might not make much sense	Provides context and is meaningful
Example: A collection of random numbers	Example: The numbers representing ages of a group of people

ii) Abstract Data Types (ADTs):

An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is a high-level description of how data is viewed and the operations that can be performed on the data. It does not provide details about how data will be stored and algorithms for performing operations. It's more about what data is represented and what can be done with it.

For example, a list ADT may define data as a collection of elements and operations such as adding an element, removing an element, or finding an element in the list.

iii) Polynomials:

A polynomial is an expression consisting of variables and coefficients, involving operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponents.

The general form of a polynomial is:

P(x) = a_nxⁿ + a_n-1x^n-1 + ... + a₂x² + a₁x + a₀

where,

• P(x) is the polynomial
• a_n, a_n-1, ..., a₂, a₁, a₀ are coefficients
• x is the variable
• n is the degree of the polynomial

For example, 3x² + 2x + 1 is a polynomial of degree 2.

b) Algorithm for traversing nodes in a single linked list:

A linked list is a linear data structure where each element is a separate object. Each element (node) of a list consists of two items - the data and a reference to the next node.

Here is a simple algorithm to traverse a single linked list:

1. Start from the head node.
2. Print the data part of the current node.
3. Move to the next node by using the link part of the current node.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you reach the end of the list (i.e., until the next node is NULL).

Example:

Consider a single linked list: 10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> NULL

The traversal of this linked list using the above algorithm would be:

• Start from the head node (10).
• Print the data part of the current node (10).
• Move to the next node (20).
• Print the data part of the current node (20).
• Move to the next node (30).
• Print the data part of the current node (30).
• Move to the next node (40).
• Print the data part of the current node (40).
• Move to the next node (NULL).
• Since the next node is NULL, stop the traversal.

So, the output of the traversal would be: 10, 20, 30, 40.