What is Operator overloading? Design a Distance class with data members to store distance in meters, centimeters, and millimeters. Write a program to overload addition and subtraction operators respectively on Distance class objects. Here both base classes are inherited from a single base class person with data members name and age. The program should carry out the required input and output (member function for all.

Operator Overloading:

Operator overloading is a feature of some programming languages that allows the programmer to define how the built-in operators will behave when applied to objects of user-defined classes. This means that you can use the same operator (+, -, *, /, etc.) with different types of data, and the operator will perform the appropriate action for that type.

Distance Class:

class Distance {
private:
    int meters;  // Distance in meters
    int centimeters;  // Distance in centimeters
    int millimeters;  // Distance in millimeters

public:
    // Constructors
    Distance() { meters = 0; centimeters = 0; millimeters = 0; }
    Distance(int m, int cm, int mm) {
        meters = m;
        centimeters = cm;
        millimeters = mm;
    }

    // Operator overloading

    // Addition operator
    Distance operator+(const Distance& other) {
        Distance result;
        result.meters = meters + other.meters;
        result.centimeters = centimeters + other.centimeters;
        result.millimeters = millimeters + other.millimeters;

        return result;
    }

    // Subtraction operator
    Distance operator-(const Distance& other) {
        Distance result;
        result.meters = meters - other.meters;
        result.centimeters = centimeters - other.centimeters;
        result.millimeters = millimeters - other.millimeters;

        return result;
    }

    // Display the distance
    void display() {
        cout << meters << " meters, " << centimeters << " centimeters, " << millimeters << " millimeters" << endl;
    }
};

Person Class:

class Person {
private:
    string name;  // Name of the person
    int age;  // Age of the person

public:
    // Constructor
    Person(string n, int a) {
        name = n;
        age = a;
    }

    // Display the person's details
    void display() {
        cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
        cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
    }
};

Main Program:

int main() {
    // Create two Distance objects
    Distance d1(1, 2, 3);
    Distance d2(4, 5, 6);

    // Add the two distances
    Distance d3 = d1 + d2;

    // Subtract the two distances
    Distance d4 = d1 - d2;

    // Display the results
    cout << "d1: "; d1.display();
    cout << "d2: "; d2.display();
    cout << "d3: "; d3.display();
    cout << "d4: "; d4.display();

    return 0;
}

Output:

d1: 1 meters, 2 centimeters, 3 millimeters
d2: 4 meters, 5 centimeters, 6 millimeters
d3: 5 meters, 7 centimeters, 9 millimeters
d4: -3 meters, -3 centimeters, -3 millimeters